SPICE AND FRUIT TOUR IN ZANZIBAR

Get ready for your senses to be amazed by the color, texture, smell, and taste from the roots of Zanzibar! This blog post is going to consist of all the different spices and fruits we encountered during our tour at the farm, and I’m also including tons of pictures. 

SPICES

There are many spices grown at the farm that you probably use in your daily life. Some of them look different before they’re processed and placed in stores. For example, when we saw turmeric, we thought that it was a carrot or a ripe mango because it has this bright orange color. The guide gave us a tiny piece to sample, and it lets off a really intense flavor.

Turmeric

Can you guess what this is?

Ohhh, so that’s where the pepper inside your pepper grinder came from! These are peppercorn berries growing on vines. This is something I had never seen before. We learned that apparently all the peppercorns start off as the same kind, but get changed into either white, red, or black peppercorns, depending on how they are processed. 

We saw some fresh ginger that we even got to try!

Ginger

The farm also grew coffee beans, cacao beans (that come from cacao fruit), and vanilla beans that grow on vines, which were hard to define at first. We learned from Yahya that his family eats the cacao beans raw, which isn’t something I’ve ever done, but apparently they aren’t as bitter as the cacao itself.

Vanilla Beans
Cacao Fruit

When our guide pulled a root off the base of a tree and handed it to us, I immediately guessed that it was cinnamon bark, judging by its familiar, and strangely comforting smell. The bark reminds me of cinnamon sticks, which are actually made from cinnamon bark itself. 

We saw and tasted other common spices such as clove, cumin, and cardamom. Each had interesting smells and/or tastes. The farm was selling different sample sized scents and spices, and we bought a bottle of vanilla perfume, and one of lemongrass, which we learned could be used as bug repellent. It actually works!

View at Medium.com

Since we’re on the topic of cinnamon, here’s a link on why CASSIA, a type of cinnamon sold at your local grocery store can actually be HARMFUL TO YOUR HEALTH, and why you should actually be buying CEYLON cinnamon instead. 

FRUITS

Getting to see and/or taste all the exotic fruits typically grown in Zanzibar was personally my favorite part of the tour. Many of the fruits that grow there either aren’t even exported to the US, or you can find a similar variety at a Asian market such as lychee. 

A lot of the fruits we saw were very different versions of the same fruit I’m used to, and there were even some that I’d never even heard of until coming to Zanzibar! There is such a wide variety of tropical fruits that grow there.

1.Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)

Jackfruit

Immediately we saw big lumpy green fruits with hundreds of tiny, and I imagine prickly, bumps on them. The guide told us it was jackfruit, which is something I’ve never seen or even heard of before. Jack, naturally, had to do an entry for our video on Zanzibar about how he had found the fruit, named it after himself, and all that. We never got to cut the jackfruit open, but I’ve heard that it can be a very messy process and can take a long time to take out all the seeds and eat the yellow bulb-like fruit inside. I do want to try it some day though.

2.Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis)

Breadfruit

Breadfruit is a very unique fruit you may never heard of before. (I hadn’t until I went to Zanzibar) When our guide, Yahya told us that its name, I didn’t actually think it was a fruit; it looked more like a vegetable. 

The first time I ever tried breadfruit was when we went to Yahya’s house for the Swahili cooking lesson, and breadfruit was part of our meal. I remember it being green in color, and having the same texture and similar taste to a potato. We actually ate the breadfruit in the same way you would eat a vegetable; by boiling it in hot water and then eating the slices warm. It took me a while to believe that breadfruit was actually a fruit, and not a vegetable. Now do you get what I mean about it being like a potato? I mean, besides the taste.

When we arrived in Zanzibar and we were driving to our hotel from Zanzibar airport, Yahya told us to look out for mango trees, and I incorrectly identified a breadfruit tree as one, thinking that the mangos weren’t ripe yet and that’s why they were green.

Later on at the spice/fruit farm, we did cut open breadfruit, but we didn’t eat it. I noticed that the outside of the breadfruit (and this was the first time I had seen breadfruit skin) looked similar to the skin of Jackfruit; because it had bumps covering the outer layer and was also green. Except, the jackfruit we saw was bigger in size and more lumpy than the breadfruit. 

3.Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis)

Passion Fruit
Passion Fruit

I’ve heard of passion fruit before, I’d just never tried it or even seen what it looked like until that day at the spice farm. So I literally had no picture in my mind of what to expect. All I knew was that I had passion fruit juice before a couple of days prior, and that it tasted tart, but kind of sweet too. So I was definitely in for a surprise, because when the yellow skinned fruit was cut open, what I didn’t expect to see was globs of a gooey consistency, and tons of seeds wedged in between. I did try the passion fruit, but I would say it wasn’t my favorite. I prefer passion fruit juice, because its easy to drink, and not slimy.

4. Raw Mango (Mangifera indica)

When we went to the spice farm I got to try raw mango for the first time, or, in other words, unripe mango. By the way, its not as bad as it sounds. Unripe mango is basically just a mango that’s green instead of the vibrant yellowish orange color it is when its ripe. It looks like a green apple, just one that’s extremely tart. My dad said he remembered eating unripe mangos when when he lived in Africa when he was five, and it was the first time he had them since then. My dad likes really tart and sour fruits like limes and lemons, (and I guess unripe mango, apparently) but I prefer the sweet version of mango over the sour one.

5.Pineapple Plant (Ananas comosus)

I never knew exactly where pineapples grew, but I never thought that they grew as a shrub on the ground! 

Pineapple Plant

6.Bananas (Musa)

Bananas

The cool thing about bananas in Zanzibar is that they grow out of a giant seed that kind of looks like a big purple light bulb. When the bananas aren’t fully grown, they look sort of like water balloons before being blown up. 

7.Lemons (Citrus Limon) and Limes (Citrus aurantiifolia)

Limes

Now although we didn’t see any lemons or limes at the farm, we did see them when we went to the market in Stone town on our last day in Zanzibar (check out my blog post on Zanzibar!) We also saw a lot of fruit selling vendors there, and there were some limes and lemons I saw that I’m not accustomed to buying. They were pretty lumpy as seen down below, but I guess those are what the locals buy to sour up their dishes and drinks.

8.Durian (Durio)

At the market we also got a chance to see Durian, a fruit that has very prickly looking spikes. Here’s what it looks like!

Durian

9.Oranges (Citrus sinensis) and Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi)

Now these may sound like normal fruits to you, but in Zanzibar the oranges and grapefruits are very different than the U.S.  For one, the skin color of the grapefruit we tried was green and it looked bigger than I expected-bigger at least than I’ve seen at grocery stores in Seattle. Although, the inside revealed the beautiful pink fruit that I’m used to. However, when we tried a slice of the grapefruit, the inside tasted pretty dry, probably from hanging on the tree for so long.

Grapefruit
Grapefruit Opened

We also saw some unique oranges too; the orange’s skin was also green like the grapefruit was.

10.Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola)

We got to taste two different kinds of starfruit. One was an orange color, and it was very soft and spongy. It was really good, and I’ve never had that type of starfruit before.

The other kind of starfruit we tried was hard, green, and sour; more like the kind I’ve eaten before (even though I’ve only had starfruit once or twice in my life). I’m guessing that the first kind we tried was ripe starfruit, and the second kind was just unripe starfruit. I like the taste of them both though, and I’m hoping I get to eat more of it on this trip, maybe in Asia.

11.Coconut (Cocos nucifera)

As you may know, coconuts grow on palm trees. Which means someone has to climb up a ladder to get to the coconuts. Or, in this case, they could just climb the tree itself!

At the end of the spice tour, our guide let us watch as he climbed up the long truck of a palm tree (yep, you heard me right!) to retrieve a coconut for us to eat. It was really cool to see someone do that, and it was a new sight for me.

Climbing for coconuts

Our guide cut the coconut into slices which a sharp knife, and gave each of us a fresh piece. The last time I had fresh coconut like this was in Mexico where they served it with lime and sugar. 

I didn’t finish all of the coconut slice and I threw it on the ground where the chickens that were roaming around the farm went crazy squabbling over it. My parents also drank the coconut water but I didn’t because the taste isn’t my favorite.

LIPSTICK PLANT

Lipstick Plant

At the spice farm we got to see many different plants that I’ve never seen before in person, and the lipstick plant, or so its called, was one of them. As you can tell by the name of this plant, its got something to do with lipstick. So I’ll just tell you right now that yes, this plant was in fact used as lipstick at one point. That’s also of course, why they named it the lipstick plant. But lipstick wasn’t the only thing this plant was used for. When crushed, the berry looking pods inside let out liquid that could also be used to naturally dye curries with.

Inside the lipstick plant

The lipstick plant grows on a tree but I think it looks more like fruit than a plant. The actual lipstick plant itself has green based skin with what looks like bright red fur covering it like a coat. When you cut the plant in halve, the inside reveals   red, berry like inky pods with seeds inside of them. If you squish the pods, a red substance squirts out. Its actually not as liquidy as I thought it would be, but its very messy to crush it with your bare fingers. And it actually works really well. But because it stays on so good and its a natural lipstick, you definitely don’t want to get it on your clothes, because it stains well too.

Thank you for reading my blog post about the spice farm we went to in Zanzibar. My next post is going to be about the safari we did in Tanzania, including lots of photos of the animals we saw. And don’t forget to check out our latest video on our first stop in Africa. Until next time!

The lipstick lasted for hours

DO YOU EVER THINK ABOUT CURRENCY OR MONEY?

Have you ever thought about currency before? Well, I haven’t, until now. If this is complicated, I don’t blame you. So after you read this, I would suggest looking up “currency” on the internet because I will not be able to include everything. Or you can just click this: https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/money-0/

But if you just want a brief lil’ thing, here you go…

In this report, I’m including a short currency outline, and a historical timeline of money.

CURRENCY RATES:

Currency is pretty complicated. Not all money has the same value. For example, when we were in Morocco, 1 US dollar was 10 Moroccan Dirhams. So that means that a Dirham is 10 percent of a dollar. When the Great Depression hit in the late 1920’s in the U.S., it was the currency rates that fell overnight to a very low percentage. That is why suddenly a U.S. dollar did not mean much at that time. When currency rates fall, people can lose their jobs, and even all the value of their money! So lots of countries have to be careful about currency, its value can dive deep in only hours.

One U.S. Dollar…
…is worth about 10 Moroccan Dirhams

Some of the highest currency rates on a normal basis are:

Euro
British pound
US dollar

TIMELINE HISTORY OF MONEY:

(Just so you know, the following is all approximate so you might find slightly different answers on different internet articles)

THE CAVEMAN TIME:

First there was just barter where one person would try to exchange a product for another, for example: 2 sheep for a cow, or milk for honey. Bartering is still used in many countries today.

~7000 B.C.:

Starting from about 7000 B.C., there were many different things used as money. For example, in the beginning of this age, cattle was used. Cattle at this time did not only mean cows, but also bulls, sheep, camels, and lots of other livestock.

~1200 B.C.:

Later, in approximately 1200 B.C, something else was also used as money. They were called cowrie shells, and they were first used around the area of Asia and Africa.

~500 B.C.:

Coinage started earlier in Turkey, but it was about in 500 B.C. that silver and copper coins were being used all around the world. Ancient Greeks, the Persians, and eventually the Roman Empire, were some of the first large cultures to use modern currency.

~7th century A.D.:

Even though it came into general use back in the 1600’s, there is evidence that paper currency was used all the way back to the 7th century. It was most likely started in China about 900 A.D. Paper money was a little hard to put into use because people at that time were not used to having their currency in the form of a piece of paper. They thought it made more sense to value money in rare, shiny, precious coins of silver and gold, or leather. But paper currency obviously won that battle because it is now used in every country around the globe.

1816:

The gold standard officially began in England in 1816 and the United States started to use the gold standard not long after. The gold standard meant that the value of money was directly lined to the value of gold and that paper money could be converted into a fixed amount of gold. Due to the Great Depression in 1930, the gold standard fell in the 20th century.

THE PRESENT:

Now, modern money is all over the globe in coins, paper cash, and bank cards. In many indoor and outdoor markets around the world, people bargain until they agree on a fair price. For example, a local may pay $1 for 20 mangoes and a tourist may pay $1 for only 1 mango. Partly the idea of bargaining is so the seller can change the price of a product easily depending on who is buying and how much they have to sell. It’s complicated.

Thanks for reading my journal entry on Currency. Please feel free to leave a suggestion, or just a note in the comment section below.

On a final note, if you haven’t already, please subscribe and like the post. Also, we have a YouTube channel called ON THE ROAD WITH LJ so please also subscribe to that.

Here is a link to our YouTube Chanel: https://m.youtube.com/channel/UCheQcg1OwJ-v-eUV4SNhVwA

We will have a new video and post soon.
-Jack👌

Zanzibar

ZANZIBAR

Zanzibar was one of my favorite places we’ve been so far on this trip so it was hard to decide what to write about. We spent nine days in Zanzibar and we went to three different places. Zanzibar is an island off the east coast of Africa in the country of Tanzania. The first place we went to was Kiwengwa, then we moved on to Kendwa where we had lots of time on the beach, and finally our last stop was Stone Town where we saw what life was like for the people who live there. We spent a lot of time doing school work and catching up on video editing, but of course we managed to have some really fun experiences that I’m going to be telling you about. I’m also going to be writing about the spice and fruit tour we did one day because Zanzibar has so many exotic fruits I’ve never heard of, and is home to many spices we use in our daily life. So today’s blog post is basically going to be a “what we did in Zanzibar” post -minus the spice tour because that will be a different blog post.

SWAHILI COOKING CLASS

The first thing we did in Zanzibar was a Swahili cooking lesson at our tour guide Yahya’s house. Yahya’s family welcomed us into their household and showed us their culture through food. My mom and I posed for some photos in the traditional Swahili clothing before we got to work cooking. Yayhya’s mom and sister demonstrated how to chop numerous vegetables for the dishes we made because, like many places around the world, the women do the cooking at home in the Islamic culture. To cook, we sat on mats spread across the floor. To cut the vegetables, we used a paring knife but instead of using a cutting board which is how I usually do it at home, we cut everything without using a surface.

DISH #1: Vegetable and octopus curry with coconut milk and turmeric

DISH #2: King Fish with cumin, garlic and ginger

DISH #3: Vegetable Samosas

DISH #4: Boiled Bananas with coconut milk and cardamon

SWIMMING WITH DOLPHINS

One of my favorite things we did in Zanzibar (okay, scratch that-I loved everything we did in Zanzibar!) was snorkeling and getting to swim with dolphins. Our tour guide recommended that we wake up at 5:00am to see them because dolphins are up early in the morning, but mainly the reason was that we would be able to see them before all the other tour boats got there. We had to drive for about an hour to the beach, and then we got into a boat with our snorkeling gear to head off and find dolphins. We were one of the only tour boats out on the water, but there were a lot of fishing boats packed with people. I noticed that there were a lot of plastic bottles tied together and floating on the surface to mark that there was some sort of trap below. There were some divers who had swam a far way out in the ocean looking for fish.

We had been looking for a while for a dolphin sighting and Yahya said that it usually only took 20 minutes to spot them, but so far we had seen nothing. After boating around for 2 HOURS, we finally spotted a pod of dolphins. However, there was already a tour boat there with a bunch of people who were already out in the water with them. I was a little surprised that we’d finally found dolphins after using all of our extra time trying to find them. So we followed the tour boat that had found them, and we were the first out of a boatload of tour boats to do that. When we spotted dolphins for the second time, my dad stopped video taping with his camera and we quickly jumped into the water. Sadly, we lost the doors on our GoPro so we weren’t able to video tape the dolphins under water. We definitely saw them about three times below us, but they swam so fast to try to get away from all the chaos and people jumping into the water to try to swim with them. That was the part that I don’t feel very good about. Even though dolphins are very friendly and like being around humans, being totally surrounded by people is very overwhelming and probably pretty scary for them. Think of it like this: How would you feel if you were just walking on the street and a bunch of random people tried to corner you for no reason? You would probably feel pretty freaked out. That’s exactly what it’s like for dolphins. I know I said that I was really excited to see dolphins and I do want to do it again, but all I’m saying is that we should be careful with our actions around other animal habitats. Maybe a couple of people at a time would be better because the dolphins might feel more free and open to be around us, and not like they are trapped in the place that they live.

What I learned from this experience was that to try to swim with dolphins sometimes means surrounding them with boats, and that was something I didn’t know or even think of before I did this. I also learned that when swimming with dolphins, you have to be quick, meaning you have to have your gear on and be ready to jump into the water at any given time. And you should definitely make sure your GoPro works before you do it.

SNORKELING

The same day that we swam with dolphins we also went snorkeling, and believe it or not, I’ve never been snorkeling before. One time I was going to go snorkeling in Mexico about five years ago, but when the time came to jump in the water, I bailed because I didn’t want to use the snorkeling mask to breath underwater. This time I did go though because I obviously wasn’t going to miss out on anything. I also got to wear this type of snorkeling mask that goes over your whole face and you can breath through your mouth and nose through the mask, so I totally scored on that and I think its way better than the normal snorkeling gear.

We went to two different places to snorkel, and both were very cool. The first place we went snorkeling had a lot of sea plants and sea urchins on the sea floor and lots of fish swimming near the bottom. The second place we went had less sea plants, but a lot more fish that swam pretty close to the surface. It was so shallow that you could swim down 10 feet and touch the sandy ocean floor. The water in Zanzibar is also crystal clear which makes it really easy to see sea life under water. Snorkeling in Zanzibar was really fun and I definitely want to do it again at other places on this trip.

SWIMMING IN THE INDIAN OCEAN

So we did do a lot of swimming in Zanzibar both at the pool and in the ocean. Although, this was my first time ever getting to swim in the Indian Ocean, and I’d say it was pretty different than other oceans I’ve swum in. At the hotel we stayed at, we went swimming in the ocean almost every day and I noticed a lot of differences there than in any other ocean I’ve been to.

First of all, I don’t think I’ve ever seen water so clear. If its shallow and there is no seaweed or rocks, the water can be a beautiful aqua blue. (Which, by the way, is my favorite shade of blue!) Even if its very deep, the water is so clear that you can see the ocean bottom and it looks like you can easily swim down to the ground when really its double the amount deeper than you think.

Another thing I noticed was that when we first got to Kendwa and went swimming in the Indian Ocean, I remember seeing a shadow laying on the sand underwater. When I looked closer, I realized that it was a starfish! And it was really big. I tried to point it out to the rest of my family, but when I came back to show them, I couldn’t find it. My parents did end up seeing a starfish the next day laying on the sand when they went to watch the sunset. I just think its so cool that there are starfish in the Indian Ocean! I’ve only seen them at the aquarium, but never in the open ocean like that.

The third thing I noticed about the Indian Ocean is that the sand is incredibly white! At least, if there’s no seaweed around, that is. When we flew over the ocean yesterday to get to Arusha, you could see so many sandbars poking out of the water and the sand looked like it was flour. The thing about sand in Zanzibar is that its not so soft that you sink into it, but its not so hard either.

STONE TOWN

Our last day in Zanzibar we spent in Stone Town, the oldest part of Zanzibar City. We started it off by walking through the market place and looking at all the interesting foods and products the vendors were selling. After walking around town, we got on a boat to go to a giant sandbar that was great for swimming. My dad went in the water, but the rest of us didn’t because we didn’t bring our swimsuits, and I also didn’t feel like going in with my clothes and then being super wet for the rest of the day. I really regret it though because the water was so warm and it looked really fun. Because we were on a sandbar, waves came from both sides and crashed against each other, making the water spurt up like lava from a volcano. We had lunch on the sandbar that Yahya’s family had made for us that included pillau spiced rice with beef, a kind of red vegetable/tomato sauce, vegetable samosas and we tried Zanzibar spiced coffee. 

After lunch we boated over to Prison Island which was orginally known as Changuu Island. Prison Island was first used in the 1860’s for slaves under Oman’s rule. After the slave trade was abolished, the British actually used the prisons for the slave traders and other criminals. The British built a new prison and by the time it was finished, the need for the space had changed. The island was used as a quarantine for workers who arrived by sea with cholera and other diseases like yellow fever. The island became known as Quarentine Island and was used by all of East Africa. This was only for six months of the year when the boats came through the port, and the other part of the year the island was used as a resort for health because of the sun and fresh sea air. I was thinking, wouldn’t people be apprehensive to vacation in fear of getting cholera from the people who lived there before? Apparently not. The resort on Prison island ended up closing down recently— It’s still there but not used. Now Prison Island is just a place for tourists to visit and see the tortoises.

The island has a tortoise sanctuary. The Seychelles exchanged a group of their native Aldabra tortoises for Zanzibar’s fruit plants back in the early 1900’s and eventually the tortoises were moved to the protected Prison Island where they’ve lived happily for about 100 years. The tortoises are huge and seem to be very social because you could get really close to them. We got to feed the tortoises spinach and we saw a lot of them sleeping in the mud which, I’m guessing was to keep cool. The oldest tortoise there was 194 years old! Tortoises can live a long time. We also got to see baby tortoises and I was surprised at how small they were because they grow up to be so big! Bigger than Jack even!

Thanks for reading this blog post! I will be uploading another post about our trip to the spice farm soon, so stay tuned for that. We just got to Arusha yesterday in a really tiny plane with only 12 passenger seats, and we’re getting ready to go on safari with our friends in a couple of days so I’m really looking forward to it.

Today is Thanksgiving and we’re spending that with friends. Happy Thanksgiving!

One Day in Morocco

Hi everybody! I’m here to write a special blog about what we did one day in Morocco. On that day, we got our shoes wet from walking across rivers, got burning hot from the sun, climbed up hills, and walked through Berber villages. But I think it was definitely worth it.

October 18, 2019: Today was a pretty cool day. We got up and had the typical Moroccan breakfast:

Lesson 1: The typical Moroccan breakfast (try making it yourself!):

  • Breads (warm crepe bread/ normal white baguette bread/ bread buns)
  • Jams (fig jam/ apricot or strawberry jam)
  • 3 different types of olives
  • Dips (almond butter/ honey)
  • Cheese (soft, triangle style)
  • Butter (preferably sweet)
  • Orange juice (sometimes fresh squeezed)
  • Hard boiled eggs

For more Moroccan food press the link below ⬇ http://www.mymoroccanfood.com/

Well anyways, after breakfast, we went on a hike. But we would not have been able to do it without a guide. Interesting fact about our guide: he’s from a 30 person Berber village high up in the Atlas Mountains which is only reached by foot, with no electricity. So our guide led us from our lodging into a really dry sandy desert like area. After walking a ways down, we encountered a river. So we had to cross a few streams of the river before continuing. The guide helped us choose a route over the rocks. I got a tiny bit of water in my shoes, but secretly, I kinda liked the cold water given how hot it was (don’t tell my parents!). Our guide told us a couple of things about the people and the water they can use:

Lesson 2: the Berber privilege of water:

  • The village council (Jema’a) decides how much water you are allowed to take from the rivers.
  • Dams are used to take part of the water from the main river and create your own stream so you have a personal spring.
  • If you do not follow the rules of taking water, the council will switch your dam so you have the same amount as others.
  • Your own small stream leads usually to a small farm (just a piece of land for planting crops). Then, when you open your dam, you have an easy watering system.
  • A few things you might grow on your plant farm are: mint, corn, thyme, sugar, almonds, oranges, pomegranates, olives…

For more info on the watering systems, press the link below ⬇ https://www.greenprophet.com/2012/01/moroccos-berbers-water-management/Oiioo

The next place we went to was a Berber cave. It was probably the coolest cave I’ve ever seen. It had three floors. We had to climb up this cliff on a really thin trail to get to it. We only went into the bottom floor, but it was huge! The cave spanned back farther than you can even see at the entrance with a flashlight! When you walk in, you have to crouch down because the caves are very low in height. But if you step to the left or right at any time while walking through the hallway, you enter much higher and larger rooms where the Berbers would live their everyday life. So that was definitely one of the best caves I’ve ever seen:

Lesson 3: The hideout cave:

  • The caves were hideouts from all the wars happening at its time
  • The caves could have been up to 1,000 years old!
  • It seemed to me that the cave entrances are designed to be low because heat rises and if there is no space for heat to enter, the caves have a natural air conditioner!

So after seeing the caves, we headed back down the slope to go visit some Berber villages. Our plan was also to have tea in a Berber village. To get there, we got to walk through a few villages before arriving at the one we where scheduled to have tea. When we finally arrived, I was burning hot. No really, it can get warm in northwest Africa! The tea was good. They pour the tea really high to make bubbles. It hit the spot. But mostly the reason that I say this it that they did not only give us tea, but also bread. The bread was pretty similar to crepe bread. It was warm and just… good. Walnuts were also served to us there. It was more than I expected, but still super worth it! And, I was hungry!

After the tea, we started to head back. The hike had seemed very long. It was supposed to be 3 hours, but it did not feel like it. “Hey dad, how long has this hike been, feels more than 3 hours”. And my dad said what I did not expect. “I think about five hours, Jack, not 3”. Even though we surpassed our time by 2 hours, the day was still super worth it.

Thanks for reading my journal entry on Morocco. Please feel free to leave a suggestion, or just a note in the comment section below.

On a final note, if you haven’t already, please subscribe and like the post. Also, we have a YouTube channel called ON THE ROAD WITH LJ so please also subscribe to that.

Here is a link to our 7 video YouTube Chanel:

On the road with LJ

We will have a new video and post soon.

-Jack👌

Camels Living in the Sahara Desert

Have you ever wondered where camels originated? Or why they have humps? Get ready to learn a lot reading this upcoming blog post because it’s packed with information about camels (specifically those that live in the Sahara desert) that you probably never knew!

WHERE CAMELS ORIGINALLY CAME FROM


You may think that camels came from hot desert climates in Africa, but judging from fossils found on Ellesmere Island in northern Canada, this is false. “Camels actually originated in North America some 45 million years ago”-Jennie Cohen. The fossils found, turned out to be the bones of an arctic camel! Cool right? Before this, I never would have thought camels came from COLD climates all the way in North America. More recently, (according to Jennie Cohen, around 3 to 5 million years ago) camels started migrating south and were introduced to Africa during the trading period. (More on that later!) Its almost unbelievable to think that they came from such cold harsh weather to a hot and parched desert climate. Some camels even moved to South America, eventually evolving into animals such as the llama and alpaca. However, just like other early species, camels living in North America were not so lucky. They ended up dying off and becoming extinct during the ice age.


THE TYPE OF CAMELS THAT LIVE IN THE SAHARA DESERT


In modern times, there are three types of camels. Dromedary camels, Bactrian camels, and wild Bactrian camels. The difference between the species is that Dromedary camels have one hump and Bactrian camels have two. There are around 14 million camels in the world, and Dromedaries are the most common, taking up 94 percent of the worlds camel population (Wikipedia). So which type of camel lives in the Sahara desert? You guessed it. Dromedary camels!


CAMEL FEATURES


The word camel is “Jamal” in Arabic, and means beauty. In fact, the reason camels live so well in the desert is because of how their bodies are built.

Camel heads are small but they have big eyes capable of seeing a long distance in front of them as well as in many directions. Their eyes are very well protected from the sand and sun with their two sets of eyelashes and the help of big bushy eyebrows for extra protection. Camels also have a special eyelid that works like windshield wipers; whenever sand gets in the way of vision, their eyelids move to the side, brushing the sand out of their eyes. During a sand storm camels really have no problem because in addition to having all those extra layers of protection on their eyes, to prevent getting sand in their nose, they can just close their nostrils any time they wish! Deep in the desert, not only do camels have to cope with sandstorms, but when in need of food or water, their lips are very thick, making it possible to eat prickly desert plants (that’s also how they get water) without hurting themselves.


A camel’s facial features are very important parts of their body, but what about how their able to walk on desert dunes without sinking into the sand? Well, camels feet are very big, and the skin on the bottom of their feet is very tough, enabled to walking on hot sand without burning themselves and avoiding the possibility of cutting themselves on sharp rocks. And when traveling long distances through the desert, the padding on a camels feet is a big help to its legs so that it can move steadily.


Another feature on its body that helps a camel adapt to the desert climate, is its fur. The coat of hair covering a camel protects it from the heat of the sun during the day, and keeps the camel warm during the cold of night, because the temperature can drop drastically.
So now you can see why a camel’s features play such a crucial role in how they cope with living in their dusty desert habitat.


WHY CAMELS HAVE HUMPS


A big camel feature that we probably all think of, is the hump of a camel. Some people think that a camel’s hump is filled with water, but that is actually false. A camel’s hump is actually filled with fat which is how they can last so long without water or food. Whenever they need energy, they just take what’s in their emergency store and their hump shrinks down until they’ve consumed more food. Baby camels are born without a hump and don’t gain one until they’ve eaten something solid. This is probably partly how camels gained humps in the first place, but during the arctic times, their humps also gave them extra layers of warmth in the cold weather.

“Camels can go without water for about 5 days in extreme heat or several months in cooler weather,”- desertcampmorocco.com. But if this is true and we know that camel humps DO NOT contain any water, then where does all the water get stored? Well It turns out that camels store water in their blood cells that expand as they drink! And after not drinking for days, camels can take in a very large quantity of water in a short period of time. According to livescience.com, camels can drink 30 gallons of water in just 13 minutes.


A CAMEL’S DIET


Usually camels are not alone in the wild and they have people who care for them. Camels are fed foods such as wheat, grass, grains, and oats (Wikipedia). But when traveling long distances across the Sahara, they have to eat desert plants. Its a good thing camels are Herbivores because, mostly, the only thing to eat out in the plain, barren desert are plants. We already know that camels have thick lips meant for protecting themselves when eating prickly shrubs, so the types of plants they consume in the desert are mainly dried leaves and thorn covered shrubs and bushes.


HOW CAMELS WERE USED DURING THE TRADING PERIOD IN AFRICA


If you’re studying camels, I would say one of the most important things to learn is how camels were used for the trading industry in Africa and how dependable they were. Trade in Africa would have been very difficult without the help of camels. They were such a big part of trading and they are still used today for this same purpose: crossing the desert.


The trade industry in Africa started in the 15th century. Goods were traded with Europe, parts of Asia, and India during this time. Trading posts were stationed in all the major cities in North and West Africa. According to ducksters.com, the main trading locations in West Africa were: Timbuktu, Gao, Agadez, Sijilmasas, and Djenne, and the main trading posts in North Africa were: Marrakech, Tunis, and Cairo.

To get to these trading posts, traders would be carried by camel across the desert in large groups called caravans. And when I say large, I mean caravans of 1000 to 10,000 camels and their riders, according to ducksters.com. What does a caravan of camels look like? Well, its basically just a number of camels tied up so that their lined up in a straight line, one camel after another. When I went on a camel ride in Morocco, in the Sahara desert, we traveled in a caravan of about six camels. (See photos down below!) This way of transportation is a very good idea, because it keeps the pack of camels together without the chance of leaving one behind. In fact, elephants travel a similar way, except to keep the whole group together, they grab onto each other’s tails instead. Have you ever seen a picture of a baby elephant trying to keep up with the rest of its stampede? If not, I dare you look it up. It’s adorable!

Traveling in large caravans provided protection against burglary, and, I assume, got large amounts of traders to their destination in a fast period of time. The typical amount of time it took to get a caravan to get to its destination was about 40 days because the camels only moved at a speed of 3 miles an hour (ducksters.com). By traveling on camels, traders could use them to carry their goods. So what goods did they carry/trade? The main things carried/ traded were salt and gold from the mines in West Africa. Beads, Ivory, nuts, cloth, and metal materials were also traded (ducksters.com). Slaves were also brought and traded as well.


BIBLIOGRAPHY


(You should check out these links!)
https://www.ducksters.com/history/africa/trade_routes_of_ancient_africa.php
https://www.desertcampmorocco.com/blog/post.php?s=2017-04-01-desert-camels-one- hump-or-two
https://www.history.com/news/giant-ancient-camel-roamed-the-arctic https://www.livescience.com/27503-camels.html https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel


AUTHOR OVERVIEW


Thanks for reading this blog post! I worked really hard on it because, you know, its always hard to find the right facts and if their true or not. I tried to include some background history and information about where camels came from and what they were used for originally in this post, and a lot of sources and references.

I definitely learned a lot about camels while writing this. For example, I never knew camels originated in North America! I guess I always thought that they came from Africa, but in reality, I don’t think I’ve ever thought about it. I also didn’t know that Bactrian camels live in Asia, and that Australia is also home to camels too! Although I didn’t include any of this in the post because I was focusing on camels living in the Sahara.

Anyways, make sure to stayed tuned with our YouTube channel, we’ll be posting a new video ASAP. And make sure to subscribe to our blog AND our YouTube channel as always. Also, make sure to turn your notifications on so that you get notified every time we upload a new blog post or video!
Until next post! -🍦